I. Kev Sau thiab Txoj Cai ntawm STC Supercharging System
Sequential TurboCharging (STC) thev naus laus zis yog cov txheej txheem turbocharging siab heev uas sib koom ua ke ob lossis ntau dua turbochargers los ua haujlwm sib luag. Raws li kev thauj khoom thiab ceev ntawm lub cav diesel nce, cov turbochargers tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ua ntej [1]. Cov thev naus laus zis no tshwj xeeb hais txog kev sib tw thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsoos diesel xyaw thiab turbochargers, txhawm rau txhim kho lub cav kev ua tau zoo thiab kev lag luam nyob rau hauv qis-ceev, siab-load tej yam kev mob thaum optimizing tag nrho cov hwj huam tso zis thiab emission kev ua tau zoo.
1. Kev sib xyaw ntawm STC Supercharging System
STC yog lub zog txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev ua haujlwm siab supercharging thev naus laus zis feem ntau siv hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob rau cov nkoj loj, tsheb hnyav, thiab kev siv tshuab.
Lub PA6 propulsion diesel cav siv cov thev naus laus zis no, suav nrog STC tswj qhov system thiab ob qho tib si thawj-theem tso pa roj turbochargers rau qib-rau-kauj ruam supercharging.
Ntawm ob lub pa roj turbochargers ntawm PA6-STC diesel cav:
- Ib qho txuas ncaj qha mus rau lub tso pa tawm ntawm kem A ua haujlwm ua tus thawj turbocharger, hu ua A-kem turbocharger.
- Ib qho txuas nrog lub tso pa tawm ntawm kem B ua raws li kev tswj hwm turbocharger, hu ua B-kem turbocharger.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov pa hluav taws xob tau tsav ib los yog ob qho tib si ntawm thawj theem tso pa roj turbochargers, uas compress cov cua nkag, ua kom lub siab thiab kub. Cov txheej txheem no txhim kho cov kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab txhim kho lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
STC tswj qhov system muaj plaub lub pneumatic npauj npaim li qub, STC maub los, thiab npauj npaim valve nrhiav kom tau lub thawv solenoid valve. Nws tsis tu ncua saib xyuas qhov tsis tseem ceeb xws li diesel cav ceev, thauj khoom, thiab tso cua kub. Raws li cov kev txwv no, lub kaw lus tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm turbochargers. Tshwj xeeb:
- Cov roj valve tau teeb tsa ntawm lub turbine inlet ntawm B-kem turbocharger.
- Lub valve yog ntsia ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob compressor ntawm B-kem turbocharger.
- Lub bypass valve (kom tiv thaiv turbocharger surge) yog ntsia nruab nrab ntawm lub compressor qhov hluav taws xob thiab lub turbine inlet.
- Lub tshuab hluav taws xob valve (kom tiv thaiv lub tog raj kheej ntau dhau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias) yog nruab rau hauv qhov nqus dej ua ntej lub cav.
STC maub los yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm, lub luag haujlwm rau kev sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm turbocharger ceev, boost siab, diesel cav ceev, roj khib txoj hauj lwm, thiab roj khib zero txoj hauj lwm [2]. Nws tswj qhov qhib thiab kaw ntawm plaub tus npauj npaim li qub, ua rau B-kem turbocharger koom nrog lossis tshem tawm raws li qhov xav tau, yog li ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub cav diesel nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv.
2. Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Turbocharger
Cov pa roj turbocharger ntawm PA6-STC diesel cav feem ntau suav nrog lub centrifugal compressor thiab cov pa roj turbine, raws li tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom ntawm cov pa roj turbocharger (Daim duab 1). Cov khoom no yog ntsia rau ntawm tib lub ntsiab ncej thiab ua haujlwm raws li lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab ceev, muaj peev xwm ncav cuag kev sib hloov ceev ntawm kaum tawm txhiab tus kiv puag ncig ib feeb lossis siab dua.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm STC supercharging system suav nrog qhov kub thiab txias, kev kub ceev tso pa tawm los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub tog raj kheej nkag mus rau cov dej tsis-txias turbine inlet vaj tsev ntawm lub nplhaib nozzle kom nthuav dav. Qhov kev nthuav dav no hloov cov thermal zog rau hauv lub zog txhua yam, tsav lub turbine tig thiab, tig, tig lub coaxial compressor impeller. Cov pa tso pa yog tom qab ntawd txias los ntawm cov dej-txias turbine qhov hluav taws xob vaj tsev ua ntej tso tawm mus rau hauv qhov chaw.
Lub compressor rub tawm hauv huab cua ntshiab los ntawm kev noj haus thiab compresses nws. Cov cua compressed, high-ceev cua kis tau los ntawm diffuser rau ntxiv pressurization thiab ces ntws los ntawm lub intercooler kom txias thiab de-pressurization. Thaum kawg, cov cua txias nkag mus rau hauv lub cav diesel intake manifold thiab nkag mus rau lub tog raj kheej, ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm supercharge. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob kom tau txais huab cua ntau dua thiab hlawv roj ntau, yog li txhim kho lub zog tso zis thiab thermal efficiency.
3. Lub Ntsiab Tseem Ceeb ntawm STC Control System
STC supercharging system ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ob hom thawj: 1TC (ib zaug turbocharger) thiab 2TC (dual turbochargers), raws li tau piav qhia hauv daim duab 2, daim duab schematic ntawm STC supercharging system.
Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom qis, cov roj valve thiab cua valve raug kaw. Hauv lub xeev no, tsuas yog A-kem turbocharger ua haujlwm, thaum B-kem turbocharger raug cais los ntawm cov khoom kaw thiab tseem tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov kev teeb tsa no yog hu ua 1TC (ib zaug turbocharger) ua haujlwm hom [3-4]. Thaum lub sij hawm hom no, cov pa tso pa tawm los ntawm ob qho tib si A-kem thiab B-kem lub tog raj kheej yog txaus kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm A-kem turbocharger, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub cav tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qis qis. Qhov no txhim khu lub zog tso zis thiab roj efficiency ntawm propulsion diesel cav thaum uas tsis muaj loads, thaum tseem txo cov pa kub thiab roj noj tus nqi.
Thaum lub cav mus txog qhov siab-load, lub roj valve thiab cua valve qhib, tso cai rau yav tas los tsis ua haujlwm B-kem tswj turbocharger los koom ua ke nrog A-kem turbocharger. Qhov no ua rau ob qho tib si A-kem thiab B-kem turbochargers ua haujlwm ib txhij nyob rau hauv parallel, uas raug xaiv los ua 2TC (dual turbocharger) ua haujlwm hom. Raws li lub load thiab ceev ntawm lub cav diesel nce los ntawm qhov qis mus rau qhov siab thiab ncav cuag qhov pib ua ntej, lub kaw lus hloov ntawm 1TC mus rau 2TC hom. Conversely, thaum lub load thiab ceev txo, lub kaw lus hloov rov qab los ntawm 2TC rau 1TC hom. Lub viav vias valve thiab lub tshuab foob tau qhib thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm 1TC thiab 2TC hom.